GlosseryAbout Us
Filsel Filtration Glossery
B
BOD
Biological Oxygen Demand or Biochemical Oxygen Demand is a procedure, used in water quality management, for determining how fast biological organisms use up oxygen in a body of water.
Back-flush
The reverse flow of water, through a filter or filtration media, used for removing solids accumulated during the filtration process.
By-Pass valve
A valve used to control an alternative flow path.
Brackish water
Brackish water is water with a level of salinity between freshwater and seawater.
Brackish water contains between 0.5 and 30 grams of salt per liter.
C
Biological Oxygen Demand or Biochemical Oxygen Demand is a procedure, used in water quality management, for determining how fast biological organisms use up oxygen in a body of water.
Back-flush
The reverse flow of water, through a filter or filtration media, used for removing solids accumulated during the filtration process.
By-Pass valve
A valve used to control an alternative flow path.
Brackish water
Brackish water is water with a level of salinity between freshwater and seawater.
Brackish water contains between 0.5 and 30 grams of salt per liter.
C
Cryoconcentration
Is a new concentration technology that consists in intensely cooling solutions to crystallise them into ice. The ice crystals are then separated from the solution to obtain the concentrated product. This technology produces a product of exceptional quality as well as extremely pure water.
Clogging
The accumulations of solids on a filter media that block it resist the water flow through the filter and increase the differential pressure.
COD
Chemical Oxygen Demand - A water quality test that indirectly measures the amount of organic compounds in water (expressed in milligrams per liter).
COD
Chemical Oxygen Demand - A water quality test that indirectly measures the amount of organic compounds in water (expressed in milligrams per liter).
Concentration
In chemistry, concentration is the measure of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance. This can apply to any sort of chemical mixture, but most frequently the concept is limited to homogeneous solutions, where it refers to the amount of solute in the solvent.
Is a unit operation that incorporates ultrafiltration membranes to remove salts or other microsolutes from a solution. Small molecules are separated from a solution while retaining larger molecules in the retentate. Microsolutes are generally so easily washed through the membrane that for a fully permeated species about 3 volumes of diafiltration water will eliminate 95% of the microsolute.
Dialysis
Removal of small molecules from a solution of macromolecules by allowing them to diffuse through a semi-permeable membrane into water or a buffer solution. This osmotic pressure separations method is controlled by the concentration gradient of salts across the membrane.
Flange
A flat metal ring with a hole in its center, through which a pipe passes, and with a number of smaller holes drilled circumferentially, destined for the connecting bolts.
Flow rate
Volume of water per unit of time
G
Membrane
Debris
Organic and inorganic suspended solids collected on the filter element. Quantity of debris is usually expressed in PPM. Size of it usually expressed in micron.
Density
Density of a body is the ratio of its mass to its volume - A measure of how tightly the matter within the body is packed together.
Depth filtration
Removing and retaining suspended solids by means of their interception and adhering to grains or fibers (filtration media).
Differential Pressure
Defined as the difference in pressure between upstream (inlet side of the filter) and downstream (outlet side of the filter).
DIN:
The German Institute for Standardization (Deutsches Institut fur Normung e.V.); this institute establishes standards for testing and classifying filters.
Organic and inorganic suspended solids collected on the filter element. Quantity of debris is usually expressed in PPM. Size of it usually expressed in micron.
Density
Density of a body is the ratio of its mass to its volume - A measure of how tightly the matter within the body is packed together.
Depth filtration
Removing and retaining suspended solids by means of their interception and adhering to grains or fibers (filtration media).
Differential Pressure
Defined as the difference in pressure between upstream (inlet side of the filter) and downstream (outlet side of the filter).
DIN:
The German Institute for Standardization (Deutsches Institut fur Normung e.V.); this institute establishes standards for testing and classifying filters.
Effective Filtration Area
The Total Area of the Filter Medium which is exposed to flow and is usable for the filtration process.
Effluent
The filtered liquid leaving the filter
Element
The device that performs the actual process of filtration
F
Effluent
The filtered liquid leaving the filter
Element
The device that performs the actual process of filtration
F
Filter
A device which removes particles from water by means of a physical barrier, chemical process and/or biological process
Filter area
The total area of a filter element, usually expressed in square inches or square centimeters
Filter Cake
The debris collected on the filter element, block it, resist the water flow through the filter and increase the differential pressure.
Filtration
The process of removing solid particles from liquid or gas by forcing them through a porous medium
Filtration Degree
Size of pores in filtration medium (mm or microns)
Filtration Element
The active component of the filter, it determines the type of filter and the filtration level.
Filtration Velocity
Flow Rate / Cross Section Area [m/hr]
A device which removes particles from water by means of a physical barrier, chemical process and/or biological process
Filter area
The total area of a filter element, usually expressed in square inches or square centimeters
Filter Cake
The debris collected on the filter element, block it, resist the water flow through the filter and increase the differential pressure.
Filtration
The process of removing solid particles from liquid or gas by forcing them through a porous medium
Filtration Degree
Size of pores in filtration medium (mm or microns)
Filtration Element
The active component of the filter, it determines the type of filter and the filtration level.
Filtration Velocity
Flow Rate / Cross Section Area [m/hr]
Flange
A flat metal ring with a hole in its center, through which a pipe passes, and with a number of smaller holes drilled circumferentially, destined for the connecting bolts.
Flow rate
Volume of water per unit of time
G
In-line filter
A filter assembly in which the inlet, outlet and filter element axes are in a straight line.
A filter assembly in which the inlet, outlet and filter element axes are in a straight line.
L
Lyophilization
M
Freeze-drying (also known as lyophilization or cryodesiccation) is a dehydration process typically used to preserve a perishable material or make the material more convenient for transport. Freeze-drying works by freezing the material and then reducing the surrounding pressure and adding enough heat to allow the frozen water in the material to sublime directly from the solid phase to gas.
M
Is a layer of material which serves as a selective barrier between two phases and remains impermeable to specific particles, molecules, or substances when exposed to the action of a driving force. Some components are allowed passage by the membrane into a permeate stream, whereas others are retained by it and accumulate in the retentate stream
Multi-layer screen
A combination of selected ratios of weave type screens creating a mechanical strength
O
Of an element or compound is a phase transition from the liquid phase to gas phase. There are two types of vaporization: evaporation and boiling.
Microfiltration (UF)
A filtration process which removes contaminants from a fluid (liquid & gas) by passage through a microporous membrane. A typical microfiltration membrane pore size range is 0.1 to 10 micrometres (µm). Microfiltration is not fundamentally different from reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration or nanofiltration, except in terms of the size of the molecules it retains.
Media filtration (depth filtration)
A thick layer of graded particles such as sand, gravel or other granular materials found inside filter housing and perform the filtration of water. The filtration rate depends on the effective size of the bedding and the water velocity through the filter.
Mesh
The number of wires in a linear inch of a screen element
Micron
One millionth of a meter; known as a micrometer (µm).
Particles size is usually described in microns.
A thick layer of graded particles such as sand, gravel or other granular materials found inside filter housing and perform the filtration of water. The filtration rate depends on the effective size of the bedding and the water velocity through the filter.
Mesh
The number of wires in a linear inch of a screen element
Micron
One millionth of a meter; known as a micrometer (µm).
Particles size is usually described in microns.
Multi-layer screen
A combination of selected ratios of weave type screens creating a mechanical strength
N
Nanofiltration (NF)
A relatively recent membrane filtration process used most often with low total dissolved solids water such as surface water and fresh groundwater, with the purpose of softening (polyvalent cation removal) and removal of disinfection by-product precursors such as natural organic matter and synthetic organic matter. Nanofiltration is also becoming more widely used in food processing applications such as dairy, for simultaneous concentration and partial (monovalent ion) demineralisation.
O
Pervaporation
Is a method for the separation of mixtures of liquids by partial vaporization through a non-porous or porous membrane.
Is a method for the separation of mixtures of liquids by partial vaporization through a non-porous or porous membrane.
Particle Size Distribution
Defines which part of the TSS (Total Suspended Solids) is relevant to the desired filtration degree; Number Density or Volume Density.
PPM
Parts per million (ppm)
PSI
Pounds per square inch - a pressure measurement unit (1MPa = 145,05 psi)
Pre-filtration
Removal of coarse particles or large debris prior to a finer filtration process
Pre-treatment
The preliminary treatment in the process of filtration (chemical of physical)
PH
Measure of alkalinity or acidity
Pore
A channel or opening in a filter medium which allows passage of fluid
Porosity
The ratio of pore volume to total volume of a filter medium expressed as a percentage.
Potable water
Water which is fit for consumption by humans and animals; it is also called drinking water. Water may be naturally potable or it may need to be treated in order to be safe.
Pressure
The force over an area applied to an object in a direction perpendicular to the surface; usually expressed in pounds per square inch (PSI) or bar.
Pump (water pump)
A device which converts mechanical force and motion into hydraulic fluid power
Defines which part of the TSS (Total Suspended Solids) is relevant to the desired filtration degree; Number Density or Volume Density.
PPM
Parts per million (ppm)
PSI
Pounds per square inch - a pressure measurement unit (1MPa = 145,05 psi)
Pre-filtration
Removal of coarse particles or large debris prior to a finer filtration process
Pre-treatment
The preliminary treatment in the process of filtration (chemical of physical)
PH
Measure of alkalinity or acidity
Pore
A channel or opening in a filter medium which allows passage of fluid
Porosity
The ratio of pore volume to total volume of a filter medium expressed as a percentage.
Potable water
Water which is fit for consumption by humans and animals; it is also called drinking water. Water may be naturally potable or it may need to be treated in order to be safe.
Pressure
The force over an area applied to an object in a direction perpendicular to the surface; usually expressed in pounds per square inch (PSI) or bar.
Pump (water pump)
A device which converts mechanical force and motion into hydraulic fluid power
Raw Water
Intake water prior to any treatment or use
Reservoir
Any natural or artificial holding area used to store, regulate, or control water.
Intake water prior to any treatment or use
Reservoir
Any natural or artificial holding area used to store, regulate, or control water.
Reverse Osmosis (RO)
Is similar to the membrane filtration treatment process. However there are key differences between reverse osmosis and filtration. The predominant removal mechanism in membrane filtration is straining, or size exclusion, so the process can theoretically achieve perfect exclusion of particles regardless of operational parameters such as influent pressure and concentration. RO however involves a diffusive mechanism so that separation efficiency is dependent on influent solute concentration, pressure and water flux rate
S
S
Screen (filter screen)
Perforated cylindrical body made of metal or plastic wedge-wire or woven-wire elements housed in a plastic or steel body.
Screen filtration
Mechanical filtration using a screen to remove particles out of water
Secondary treatment
The removal of organic matter from waste water in a sewage treatment plant using aerobic biological processes
Sediments
Solid particles in water that settles out over time
Sludge
The residual semi-solid material left from the filtration process.
Suction-scanning (Also known as focused back-flush)
Suction force that is created by reversing flow through a small section of the screen element into a nozzle at the tip of a rotating scanning element.
Surface Water
All water naturally opened to the atmosphere (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, streams, impoundments, seas, estuaries, etc.)
T
Perforated cylindrical body made of metal or plastic wedge-wire or woven-wire elements housed in a plastic or steel body.
Screen filtration
Mechanical filtration using a screen to remove particles out of water
Secondary treatment
The removal of organic matter from waste water in a sewage treatment plant using aerobic biological processes
Sediments
Solid particles in water that settles out over time
Sludge
The residual semi-solid material left from the filtration process.
Suction-scanning (Also known as focused back-flush)
Suction force that is created by reversing flow through a small section of the screen element into a nozzle at the tip of a rotating scanning element.
Surface Water
All water naturally opened to the atmosphere (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, streams, impoundments, seas, estuaries, etc.)
T
Tertiary Treatment
Advanced cleaning of wastewater that goes beyond the secondary or biological stage, removing nutrients such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and most BOD and suspended solids
TDS - Total Dissolved Solids
An expression for the substances contained in a liquid which are present in a molecular, ionized or micro-granular suspended form. The operational definition is that the solids must be small enough to pass through a two microns filter. The term is used as an indirect reflection of water salinity. The term is also known as total filterable residue.
Turbidity
The cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by suspended solids particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air.
The measurement of turbidity is a key test of water quality and it is measured by the amount of Light transmission through a water sample.
Total Suspended Solids - TSS (in water filtration)
The total Concentration of Dirt Load in water; measured in milligrams per liter or PPM (parts per million).
Treatment Plant
A structure built to treat wastewater before discharging it into the environment.
Advanced cleaning of wastewater that goes beyond the secondary or biological stage, removing nutrients such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and most BOD and suspended solids
TDS - Total Dissolved Solids
An expression for the substances contained in a liquid which are present in a molecular, ionized or micro-granular suspended form. The operational definition is that the solids must be small enough to pass through a two microns filter. The term is used as an indirect reflection of water salinity. The term is also known as total filterable residue.
Turbidity
The cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by suspended solids particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air.
The measurement of turbidity is a key test of water quality and it is measured by the amount of Light transmission through a water sample.
Total Suspended Solids - TSS (in water filtration)
The total Concentration of Dirt Load in water; measured in milligrams per liter or PPM (parts per million).
Treatment Plant
A structure built to treat wastewater before discharging it into the environment.
Ultrafiltration (UF)
A variety of membrane filtration in which hydrostatic pressure forces a liquid against a semipermeable membrane. Suspended solids and solutes of high molecular weight are retained, while water and low molecular weight solutes pass through the membrane
V
V
Vapor Pressure
The pressure at which water evaporates at a given temperature; the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure is called the boiling point
Viscosity
The resistance of a fluid to flow, caused by internal friction between the fluid molecules and by intermolecular forces (M2/sec)
Vaporization The pressure at which water evaporates at a given temperature; the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure is called the boiling point
Viscosity
The resistance of a fluid to flow, caused by internal friction between the fluid molecules and by intermolecular forces (M2/sec)
Of an element or compound is a phase transition from the liquid phase to gas phase. There are two types of vaporization: evaporation and boiling.